Everything about Yugoslav Academy Of Sciences And Arts totally explained
The
Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( abbrev.
HAZU) is the
national academy of
Croatia. For most of its existence it was known as
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (abbrev.
JAZU).
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts
The institution was founded in
Zagreb in
1867 as the
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. The bishop and benefactor
Josip Juraj Strossmayer, a prominent advocate of higher
education during the 19th century Croatian
national romanticism, set up a trust fund for this purpose and in
1860 submitted a large donation to the then viceroy (
ban) of Croatia
Josip Šokčević for the cause of being able to
After some years of deliberations by the
Croatian Parliament and the Emperor
Franz Joseph, it was finally sanctioned by
law in
1866. The official sponsor was Josip Juraj Strossmayer, while the first
President of the Academy was the distinguished Croatian
historian Franjo Rački.
Đuro Daničić was elected for secretary general of the Academy, where he played a key role in preparing the Academy's Dictionary, "Croatian or Serbian Dictionary of JAZU".
The Academy's creation was the logical extension of the
University of Zagreb, the institution initially created in
1669 and also renewed by bishop Strossmayer in 1874. Bishop Strossmayer also initiated the building of the Academy Palace in the
Zrinjevac park of Zagreb, and the Palace was completed in
1880. In
1884, the Palace also became a host of the "Strossmayer Gallery" that contained 256 works of art (mostly paintings). The same is today one of the most prominent
art gallery in Zagreb.
The Academy published the scientific
magazine Rad (
Croatian for "work") between 1867 and
1882, when each of the individual scientific classes of the Academy started printing their own magazines. A total of almost five hundred issues have been printed up to now. In
1887, the Academy published the first "Ljetopis" as a year book, as well as several other publications in
history and
ethnology.
Ivan Supek,
Mihailo Petrović,
Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger and
Lavoslav Ružička were JAZU members.
Name changes
The Academy briefly changed name from "Yugoslav" to "Croatian" between
1941 and
1945 during the
Axis client regime of the
Independent State of Croatia.
It was permanently renamed "Croatian" in
1991 after Croatia gained independence from Yugoslavia.
Criticism
The Academy has been recently criticized to the effect that its membership and activities are based on academic
cronyism and political favor, rather than on scientific and artistic merit. In
2006 this came to a head with the Academy's refusal to induct Dr.
Miroslav Radman, an accomplished
biologist, a member of the
French Academy of Sciences, and an advocate of a higher degree of
meritocracy and accountability in the Croatian
academia. His supporters from within the Academy and the media decried the decision as reinforcing a politically motivated, unproductive
status quo. Dr.
Ivo Banac, a
Yale University professor and a deputy in the
Croatian parliament, addressed the chamber in a speech decrying the "dictatorship of mediocrity" in the Academy, while
Globus columnist
Boris Dežulović satirized the institution as the "Academy of stupidity and obedience". Dr.
Vladimir Paar and others defended the Academy's decision, countering that it did take pains to include accomplished scientists, but that, since Dr. Radman's work has mostly taken place outside of Croatia, it was appropriate that he remained a Corresponding Member rather than a Full Member of the Academy.
Presidents
Further Information
Get more info on 'Yugoslav Academy Of Sciences And Arts'.
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